Earth
A photomosaic of Earth produced by NASA.
|
Orbital characteristics |
Epoch J2000.0 |
Aphelion |
152098232 km
(1.01671388 AU)
|
Perihelion |
147098290 km
(0.98329134 AU)
|
Semi-major axis
|
149598261 km
(1.00000261 AU)
|
Eccentricity | 0.01671123 |
Orbital period
|
365.256363004 d
(1.000017421 yr)
|
Average orbital speed
|
29.78 km/s
(107200 km/h)
|
Mean anomaly
| 357.51716 deg |
Inclination |
- 7.155 deg to Sun's equator;
- 1.57869 degto invariable plane.
|
Longitude of ascending node
| 348.73936 deg |
Argument of perihelion
| 114.20783 deg |
Satellites |
- One natural satellite;
- 1070 operational artificial satellites;
21000 pieces of debris over 10 cm
in size (as of 24 October 2013[update])
|
Physical characteristics |
Mean radius
| 6371.0 km |
Equatorial radius
| 6378.1 km |
Polar radius
| 6356.8 km |
Flattening | 0.0033528 |
Circumference |
- 40075.017 km (equatorial)
- 40007.86 km (meridional)
|
Surface area
|
- 510072000 km2
- (148940000 km2 (29.2%) land
- 361132000 km2 (70.8%) water)
|
Volume | 1.08321×1012 km3 |
Mass |
5.97219×1024 kg
(3.0×10-6 Suns)
|
Mean density
| 5.515 g/cm |
Surface gravity
|
9.798 m/s2
(0.99732 g)
|
Moment of inertia factor
| 0.3307 |
Escape velocity
| 11.186 km/s |
Sidereal rotation period
|
0.99726968 d
(23h 56m 4.100s)
|
Equatorial rotation velocity
| 1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s) |
Axial tilt
| 23 deg 26 min 21.4119 |
Albedo |
- 0.367 geometric
- 0.306 Bond
|
Surface temp. | min | mean | max |
Kelvin | 184 K | 288 K | 330 K |
Celsius | −89.2 °C | 15 °C | 56.7 °C |
|
Atmosphere |
Surface pressure
| 101.325 kPa (at MSL) |
Composition |
- 78.08% nitrogen (N2)[3(dry air)
- 20.95% oxygen (O2)
- 0.930% argon
- 0.039% carbon dioxide
- ~ 1% water vapor (climate-variable)
|
Earth, also known as "
the Earth" and "the World" and sometimes referred to as the "Blue Planet", the "Blue Marble",
Terra or "Gaia", is the third-closest planet to the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets and the only celestial body known to accommodate life. It is home to millions of species, including a global population of humans,that are supported and nourished by its biosphere and minerals. The human population is grouped into around two-hundred independent sovereign states that interact, among other means, through diplomacy, conflict, travel, trade and media.
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